Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Depression and Animal Models

Both research papers read for this week, Bessa et al and Santarelli et al, study how antidepressants work by administering several different ones along with either MAM or irradiation on some groups, respectively. They agree on the fact that stress is a trigger of depression and reduces neurogenesis, and can lead to cell shrinkage in areas such as the PFC and the hippocampus. 
Both studies are based on common ideas and use in fact common antidepressant drugs to test their ideas.  For example, both use fluoxetine (serotonin uptake inhibitor) and imipramine. In fact Bessa et al cites authors that have studied serotonin such as Santarelli et al, but does not directly mention the role of serotonin specifically.
In 2003, Santarelli et al concluded that antidepressants increase neurogenesis, understanding it is the factor on the mood improving actions of the drugs.  Bessa in fact states Santarelli conclusion but challenges it by administering some with MAM.   He understands the behavior changes seen after the drugs are administered occur independently of their ability to stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis since they were observed for the group with the MAM and the one without it.  Instead, he concluded the drugs had an effect of neuroplasticity and connectivity in the hippocampus and PFC which lead to the behavior change.

The fact that Santarelli was focused on looking at leads me to believe that there has to be a relationship between these.  Who knows if the growth of the neurons are also involved in the synaptic plasticity and connections observed by Bessa et al?  I also wonder how this works for anti anxiety drugs only , and if there is any difference from the combination of both depression and anxiety tests?

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